![]() ![]() In the dark, the spirobenzopyran residue forms a ring-opened and protonated structure with showing a yellow color. Besides, prospective opportunities for the future development of light control of microscale flow are provided to attract scientific interest for the fast development and applications of various microchannel/pore systems. , synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) modified with spirobenzopyran and found that the aqueous solution of the copolymer exhibited remarkable dehydration by photo-irradiation under acidic condition around pH 4. We also give a comprehensive review on the latest research progresses in photochemical effect controlled microfluid behaviors. In this review, we discuss the responsive mechanisms of photochemical effect driven fluid behavior control at the microscale. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2013, 261, 46-52. Photo-induced reversible proton dissociation of spirobenzopyran in aqueous systems. With efforts, great achievements and progresses have been achieved for photochemical effect driven microscale flow control, including fluid pumping, flow rate control, and fluid mixing, etc. Kimio Sumaru, Toshiyuki Takagi, Taku Satoh, Toshiyuki Kanamori. In recent years, using light to control the fluid behavior in the microchannels/pores has attracted many researchers’ attention due to the advantages of light such as non-contact stimulation, tunable excitation, high spatial and temporal resolution. Taku Satoh, Kimio Sumaru, Toshiyuki Takagi and Toshiyuki Kanamori, Soft Matter, 2011, DOI: 10.Manipulating the fluid transport in the microscale pores and channels is playing a paramount role in the realization of the versatile functions of microfluidics. Rates of reswelling from the light-induced shrunken state of the spirobenzopyran-functionalized gels increased with increasing ring-opening rates of spirobenzopyrans in the gels. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Researchers have functionalised poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel with spirobenzopyrans and evaluated the effects of spontaneous ring-opening rates of the photo-chromic molecules on the light-responsive volume change of the subsequent gels. Keiki Kishikawa, Takahiro Inoue, Yoshiyuki Sasaki, Sumihiro Aikyo, Masahiro Takahashi and Shigeo Kohmoto, Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 7532-7538, DOI: 10.1039/C1SM05887H The slow rotation of the molecules showed unique phenomena such as no clear odd–even effect in their clearing and melting points. Thermal liquid crystal phases: An interaction assisted approach for realization of biaxiality in smectic A phases is demonstrated in addition to the effectiveness of perfluoroarene-arene and C-H/F interactions as the intermolecular interactions. Under patterned light irradiation, the polymer accumulated at the irradiated area from a uniformly dissolved state and formed micro-patterned structures based on phase transition. For characterization of pSPNIPAAm gels, disk-like-shaped gels were prepared by photo-induced radical polymerization with DMPA as an initiator 13. Martin Malmsten, Soft Matter, 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1SM05809F Dynamically controlled construction of microstructures was demonstrated using a spirobenzopyran-containing poly ( N -isopropylacrylamide). We synthesized the acrylated spirobenzopyran monomer by treating 1,3,3-trimethyl-6-hydroxyspiro (2 H -1-benzopyran-2,2-indoline) with acryloyl chloride 37. Both photo- and thermo-responsive properties of gels have been investigated and compared. K Sumaru, M Kameda, T Kanamori, T Shinbo. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels were functionalized with photo-responsive spirobenzopyran and solvent/nonsolvent mixtures were used as swelling agent to introduce network heterogeneities during the gelation process. The triggered response of the hydrogels is discussed and a focus is placed on formulation principles, and on how the physicochemical properties of such hydrogels influence their antimicrobial/antiviral action. Characteristic Phase Transition of Aqueous Solution of Poly ( N -isopropylacrylamide) Functionalized with Spirobenzopyran. Antimicrobial and antiviral hydrogels: This brief review provides some illustrative examples of different types of antimicrobial (antibacterial/antifungal) and antiviral hydrogels. ![]()
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